Anemia in Dogs – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Dogs like humans also suffer from the loss of red blood cells. The condition is termed as anemia. The purpose of red blood cells or erythrocytes is to carry oxygen. Their decreased number results in various health problems. The common symptoms of anemia in dogs are lethargy, weight loss, appetite loss etc. Severe anemic condition may cost a dog his life. Thus, pet parents need to be alert if their pet shows any signs of this blood loss disorder.

Types of anemia:

There are two types of anemia when categorized broadly. Regenerative anemia – in this the pet’s bone marrow balances the loss of erythrocytes by producing more number of red blood cells. Non-regenerative anemia - in this the pet’s bone marrow does not replenish the lost red blood cells. Dog anemia can be further categorized into blood loss anemia, hemolytic anemia, immune mediated anemia and congenital hemolytic anemia.

Common symptoms of anemia in dogs:

• Breathing problems
• Vomiting
• Lethargy
• Swelling on face and jaws
• Weakness
• Pale tongue and jaws
• Increased heart beat
• Depression

Major causes of anemia in dogs:

Mostly anemia is the result of prior disease or parasites. It is secondary condition developed due to blood loss, internal and external parasites and injuries.

• If your pet faces flea and tick attacks on a routine basis then there are fair chances of him developing anemia in the end.
• Intestinal worms are one of the main causes of blood loss in pets. These worms thrive on the pet’s blood resulting in a considerable loss of red blood cells.
• Severe damage of blood vessels during injuries also leads to anemic conditions in dogs. Excessive bleeding due to any reason can result in blood disorder of various kinds. 

If your pet is anemic then you need to be watchful of his food, daily habits, energy levels, hydration etc. Make him feel comfortable, reduce his physical exercise and pamper him for a faster recovery.

Treatment of anemic dogs:

• Mild anemia is treated by making changes in food. Nutritional supplements also help in faster recovery.
• Drug therapy is best suited in cases when the dog’s immune system responds negatively and destroys red blood cells. Immunosuppresants give best results in such cases.
• Blood transfusion is the last alternative when the dog suffers from severe anemia. 

To sum up, dog anemia is a normal health problem. It can be easily treated based on the type of anemia. When not treated, this blood disorder leads to other diseases and deteriorates the patient’s overall health. In extreme cases, you may lose your pet’s life. Therefore, if you have a slightest idea of your pet’s anemic condition then consult your vet and start the treatment at the earliest.